What does it mean to belong to a country?
Tờ thông hành đầu tiên của tôi
Nghĩa là gì, cái chuyện thuộc về một xứ sở?
Orhan Pamuk
Ông nhà văn Nobel này, như một tay nào đó trên tờ Guardian đã từng viết, chẳng cần phải rời khỏi Istanbul, mà viết, viết đến cả mười đời, cũng không hết đề tài.
Trên tờ Người Nữu Ước, số 16 Tháng Tư, 2007, ông lèm bèm về tờ thông hành đầu tiên của ông.
Tất nhiên, về chuyến rời Istanbul đầu tiên của ông.
Và, tất nhiên, về đất khác, đất khách, nhà khách, người khách...
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Another country was a country that belonged to other people.
We had to accept the fact that the things we are using would never belong to us, and that this country, this other land would never belong to us, either.
Xứ khác là một xứ mà thuộc về những người khác.
Chúng ta phải chấp nhận sự kiện, là, những đồ vật mà chúng ta đang dùng, đếch thuộc về chúng ta, và xứ này, đất khác này, cũng đếch thuộc về chúng ta.
*
Tôi chẳng bao giờ dùng tới nó nữa... nhưng cuối cùng, thì, những cuốn sách đã khiến tôi phải xin một cái thông hành thứ nhì. Sau bao nhiêu năm trơ cu lơ một mình, trong một căn phòng, bây giờ là lúc tôi chường mặt ra với đời, như là một tác giả. Bây giờ, tôi được mời 'đi khách', [I was invited to go on tour in Germany], tại Đức, nơi nhiều đồng bào tôi xin tị nạn chính trị.... Tuy cũng khoái tỉ, nhưng chính trong chuyến đi này mà tôi đã hiểu ra những mắc mớ, từ tờ thông hành của mình, với cái gọi là 'khủng hoảng căn cước', 'identity crisis', mà người nhiều vướng phải, và cùng với nó, là câu hỏi:
How much we belong to the country of our first passeport and how much we belong to the 'other countries' that it allows us to enter?
Là bao nhiêu, cái sự chúng ta thuộc về cái xứ sở được ghi trên cái tờ thông hành thứ nhất, và, là bao nhiêu, chúng ta thuộc về 'những xứ sở khác', mà, tờ thông hành cho phép chúng ta vô?
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Là bao nhiêu, thưa mấy ông hải quan?
*
Chúng ta phải chấp nhận sự kiện, là, những đồ vật mà chúng ta đang dùng, đếch thuộc về chúng ta, và xứ này, đất khác này, cũng đếch thuộc về chúng ta.
Ôi chao, giá mà đám khùng kia hiểu được nỗi đắng cay Thổ [tả] này!

PERSONAL HISTORY

MY FIRST PASSPORT

What does it mean to belong to a country?

BY ORHAN PAMUK

    In 1959, when I was seven years old, my father went missing under mysterious circumstances; several weeks later, we received word that he was in Paris, living in a cheap hotel in Montparnasse. He was filling up the notebooks that he would later give to me, and from time to time, from the Café Dome, he'd spot Jean-Paul Sartre passing in the street. At first, my grandmother sent him money from Istanbul. My grandfather had made a fortune in railroads. Under my grandmother's tearful gaze, my father and my uncles hadn't yet managed to squander their entire inheritance not all of the apartments had been sold. But, twenty-five years after her husband's death, my grandmother decided that the money was running out and she stopped subsidizing her bohemian son in Paris.
    This was how my father joined the long line of penniless and miserable Turkish intellectuals who had been walking the streets of Paris for a century already. Like my grandfather and my uncles, he was an engineer with a good head for mathematics. When his money was gone, he answered an ad in the newspaper for a job at I.B.M.; once hired, he was dispatched to the company office in Geneva. In those days, computers were still operated with perforated cards, and the general public knew little about them. My father became one of Europe's first Turkish guest workers. My mother soon joined him, my older brother and me in our mother's plush and crowded home. We were to follow our mother to Geneva after school had cosed for the summer, meant that we needed to get passeports.
    I remember having to pose for long time while the old photographer fiddled, under a black cloth, with a legged contraption with bellows. To cast light onto the chemical plate, he open the lens for a split second, which did with an elegant flick of his hand, but, before he did this, he would look at say, "Yeeeees," and it was because I found this photographer truly ridiculous that my first passport picture shows me biting my cheeks. The passport notes that my hair, which had probably been combed for the first time that year in preparation for the photograph, was chestnut brown. I must have flipped through the passport quickly back then to notice that someone had got my eye color wrong, it was when I opened it thirty years later picked up on the mistake. What taught me was that, contrary to what I’d believed, a passport is not a document that tells us who we are but a document that shows what other people think of us.
    As we flew into Geneva, our new passports in the pockets of our new jackets, my brother and I were overcome with terror. The plane banked as it came in for a landing, and to us this country called Switzerland seemed to be a place where everything, even the clouds, was on a steep incline that stretched to infinity. Then the plane finished its turn and straightened itself out. My brother and I still laugh when we remember our relief on realizing that this new country was, like Istanbul, built on level earth.
    The streets in Switzerland were cleaner and emptier than those at home. There was more variety in the shop windows, and there were more cars. The beggars didn't beg empty-handed, as in Istanbul; instead, they'd stand under your window playing the accordion. Before we threw money to our local beggar, my mother would wrap it in paper.
    Our apartment - a five-minute walk from the bridges over the Rhone River, at the point where it emerged from Lake Geneva - had been rented furnished. This was how I came to associate living in another country with sitting at tables where others had sat before, using glasses and plates that other people had drunk from and dined on, and sleeping in beds that had grown old after years of cradling other sleeping people. Another country was a country that belonged to other people. We had to accept the fact that the things we were using would never belong to us, and that this country, this other land, would never belong to us, either.
    My mother, who had studied at a French school in Istanbul, sat us down at the empty dining-room table every morning that summer and tried to teach us French. Only when we were enrolled in a state primary school did we discover that we had learned nothing. My parents hoped that we would learn French simply by listening to the teacher day in and day out, but we didn't. When recess began, my brother and I would wander among the crowds of playing children until we found each other and could hold hands. This foreign land was an endless garden full of happy children. My brother and I watched that garden with longing, from a distance.
    Although my brother couldn't speak French, he was top in his class at counting backward by threes. The only thing I was good at in this school where I couldn't understand the language was silence. Just as you might struggle to wake up from a dream in which no one speaks, I fought not to go to school. As it did later, in other cities and other schools, my tendency to turn inward protected me from life's difficulties, but it also deprived me of life's riches. One day, my parents took my brother out of school, too. Putting our passports in our hands, they sent us away from Geneva, back to our grandmother in Istanbul.
    I never used that passport again. Although it bore the words "Member of the Council of Europe," it was a reminder of my first failed European adventure, and such was the vehemence of my decision to turn inward that it would be another twenty-four years before I left Turkey again. When I was young, I always gazed with admiration and envy at those who acquired passports and traveled to Europe and beyond, but, despite the opportunities that were presented to me, I remained fearfully certain that it was my lot to sit in a corner in Istanbul and give myself over to the books that I hoped would one day make my name and complete me as a person. In those days, I believed that one could understand Europe best through its greatest books.
    In the end, it was my books that prompted me to apply for a second passport. After years spent alone in a room, I had managed to turn myself into an author. Now I was invited to go on tour in Germany, where many Turks had found political asylum; it was thought that those Turks would enjoy hearing me read from my books, which had yet to be translated into German. Although I applied for a passport with happy excitement at the idea of getting to know Turkish readers in Germany, it was during that trip that I came to associate my passport with the sort of "identity crisis" that has afflicted so many others in the years since then-that is, the question of how much we belong to the country of our first passport and how much we belong to the "other countries" that it allows us to enter.
(Translated, from the Turkish, by Maureen Freely.)